![]() ![]() With the end of Apache and Sioux resistance, the Yaquis in northwestern Mexico became the last representatives of defiance to governmental authority. Then, on December 29, 1890, the last major battle on American soil ended with the defeat of the Lakota Sioux at the Wounded Knee Massacre, also known as the Battle at Wounded Knee Creek. On September 4, 1886, Geronimo, the leader of the Chiricahua Apache, surrendered to the U.S. ![]() But the active resistance of Native Americans in the United States was coming to an end. Government occupied considerable space on the front pages of many American newspapers. Times pointed out that “Within a radius of five hundred miles from Tucson there are serious Indian disturbances now in progress, among the Pápagos in the United States, among the Apaches in the United States and Mexico, and among the Yaquis in Mexico.” The article furthermore states the “the Yaqui nation have always maintained a virtual independence of the Mexican government.”ĭuring the 1880s, the confrontations that took place between several Native American tribes and the U.S. In an article entitled “The Indian War Cloud,” dated May 22, 1885, the L.A. Reporting Indigenous Disturbances to the PublicĮarly in its history, the Los Angeles Times informed its readers about the Native American insurrections taking place in both the U.S. Although the Pima and Mayos would eventually make peace with the Mexican Government and become pacified, the Yaquis continued their resistance well into the twentieth century. This was their first major rebellion and this event would be followed by a long series of revolts by the Mayos and Yaquis lasting well into the nineteenth century. In 1740, the Mayo, Yaqui and Pima Indians of Sonora and northern Sinaloa rebelled against Spanish rule. And they referred to the Spanish Caucasians as “yoris.” They referred to themselves as “Yoreme”, a word that means man or person. While many indigenous people of southern Sonora were assimilated, several thousand Yaquis decided to maintain their traditional way of life. Still others joined the military, which was the best way for a young Indian man to leave the social class he was born into and earn greater respect from the community, the authorities and his peers. Some young men made a living by working in the mines, while others tilled the fields. In Southern Sonora, many descendants of the Indians had become willing participants within the Spanish empire. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Sonora was considered “La Madre Patria” of Los Angeles, but the land in between was “No Man’s Land.” This may not seem like a long distance from modern day standards but, from the standpoint of the early settlers, there was a long stretch of desert and potentially hostile Indians that stood between the Spanish towns of southern Sonora and the young pueblo Los Angeles. Los Angeles is 616 miles (991 kilometers) from Guaymas, which lies just north of the historic Yaqui territory of pre-Hispanic times. And some Angelinos recognized their genetic link to the Yaqui Indians of southern Sonora. Nevertheless, for many Angelinos, a distinct bond between Los Angeles and Sonora remained. By the time they came to California, most of those people were Christianized indios, mestizos and mulatos who were citizens of the Spanish Empire and had lost many elements of their original indigenous heritage and culture. And many of those migrants from the south were of Yaqui, Mayo or Totorame descent. A significant number of the inhabitants of Los Angeles during its first few decades were natives of Sinaloa and Sonora. From its founding in 1781, Los Angeles has had an important cultural link to the Mexican state of Sonora.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |